Encountering snowfields in the midst of a Sierra summer adds alpine flavor and adventure to any hiking trip. Snow can also add a bit of risk, however.

So, how do we get up and down snowfields? Heavy boots are all you need for your feet, if the snow is soft. Going uphill, kick a step into the slope, and immediately stand on the step. A swing of the leg is all it takes on soft snow; harder snow requires more of a kick.

Tip: This hurts in light hiking shoes. A step deep enough to accommodate the ball of your foot is about right.

Going downhill, try "plunge-stepping." Take aggressive strides downhill, allowing your full weight to come down on your heel with each step. You'll dig into the snow well enough to create a secure foothold. Try to be assertive with these strides; plunge-stepping can be a little scary, but if you hold back, you may strike a glancing blow with your heel and slip.

If the snow is really hard, crampons are the ticket. There are an increasing number of light, albeit light-duty, crampons available that are perfect for hiking. Avoid the little instep crampons that people use to walk on icy driveways. Walking in crampons is easy and fun; just add a little "stomp" to your step, and try to drive all of the bottom points into the snow. Remember that if the snow becomes soft, you will actually be better off with bare boots.

If you are confronted by substantial snow at a pass or on a peak scramble, you can often time things to take advantage of the two techniques. Get a dawn start, and feel like Superman going uphill in your crampons; then, after you top out and the snow softens with the warming day, take 'em off and plunge step down.

If you are not prepared to do a snow crossing, take the time to traverse around the hazard, or seek a safe alternate route to your destination. Don't take any snow crossing lightly; a slide of 15 feet can cause serious injury. Signs of previous travel do not make the crossing safe.